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Reading · Part 7 · Set 01

読解問題 53問 — 600 / 730 / 860 の3レベル

目標スコア(600 / 730 / 860)と出題範囲(シングル / ダブル / トリプル)を選んで演習できます。1問ずつ「答え合わせ」で確認しても、最後に「採点する」でまとめて採点してもかまいません。どちらでも正誤・日本語の解説・本文中の根拠箇所のハイライトが出ます。各セットの「音読モード」では、モデル音声を聞きながらの音読練習と WPM 計測ができます。

53 QUESTIONS シングル · ダブル · トリプル 意図問題 · 文挿入 · NOT · クロスリファレンス 音読モード · WPM 計測
目標スコア やさしめ · 標準 · 難しめ
出題範囲 21問 · 目安 26分
0/21

正答率 0% ・ 所要時間 00:00

Questions 1–2Notice

Notice · Riverbend Office Tower

Elevator Maintenance

The elevators in the north lobby will be inspected on Thursday, 12 May. Elevators A and B will be out of service from 8:00 A.M. until 1:00 P.M. Elevator C will operate normally during this time.

Staff on floors 10 to 15 should allow extra time to reach their offices. The stairwell on the east side of the building will remain open.

We are sorry for the trouble. Please call the building office at extension 220 if you have questions.

1

What will happen on 12 May?

"Elevators A and B will be out of service from 8:00 A.M. until 1:00 P.M." out of service = 使えない。closed への言い換え。

解法:お知らせ(notice)は「いつ・何が・どうなる」を最初の段落で言い切る。まず日付を探し、その文の動詞を見る。

2

What are staff on floors 10 to 15 asked to do?

"Staff on floors 10 to 15 should allow extra time"allow extra time = leave extra time(時間に余裕をもつ)。

(D) は罠。内線220は「質問があれば」であって、毎朝かけるわけではない。

語彙:out of service 使用停止中/allow extra time 余裕をもつ/stairwell 階段室/extension 内線

Questions 3–5E-mail
To
Hana Kimura <h.kimura@mailbox.example>
From
Customer Service <service@deltonhome.com>
Date
4 March
Subject
Your order #A-2251

Dear Ms. Kimura,

Thank you for your order. Your two dining chairs were sent this morning. They should arrive at your home on 8 March between 9:00 A.M. and 12:00 P.M.

Someone must be at home to sign for the delivery. If you are not home, the driver will leave a card, and you can arrange a new delivery date on our Web site.

Your table lamp is not in stock. We will send it next week at no extra cost.

If you have any questions, please reply to this e-mail.

Ben Alvarez
Customer Service, Delton Home
3

Why did Mr. Alvarez write the e-mail?

第1段落で「発送した・8日に届く」と伝えている=配送の連絡

解法:メールの目的は第1段落。件名(Subject)も強いヒントで、ここでは Your order #A-2251 と注文の話だとわかる。

4

What is Ms. Kimura asked to do on 8 March?

"Someone must be at home to sign for the delivery." must は義務。設問の asked to do に対応する。

解法:依頼・指示を問う設問では must / should / please / be sure to の文を探す。

5

What is indicated about the table lamp?

"Your table lamp is not in stock. We will send it next week at no extra cost." → 在庫切れで来週発送

(B) は at no extra cost(追加費用なし)と正反対。この語句を読み飛ばすと引っかかる。

語彙:in stock 在庫がある/sign for 〜の受取にサインする/arrange 手配する/at no extra cost 追加費用なしで

Questions 6–10Double passage · Notice + E-mail

Greenfield Community Centre — Spring Cooking Classes

ClassDayTimeFee
Bread BakingMonday6:00–8:00 P.M.$40
Thai CookingTuesday6:00–8:00 P.M.$45
Cake DecoratingThursday7:00–9:00 P.M.$50
Vegetarian MealsSaturday10:00 A.M.–12:00 P.M.$40

Classes begin the week of 6 April and run for six weeks. Members of the community centre pay $10 less for each class. To join a class, come to the front desk or call 555-0170.

Please bring an apron. All other materials are provided.

To
Greenfield Community Centre <info@greenfieldcc.org>
From
Paulo Mendes <p.mendes@mailbox.example>
Date
25 March
Subject
Cooking class

Hello,

I would like to join the Thai Cooking class this spring. I have been a member of the centre since last year, so I believe I pay the lower price.

I have one problem. I work until 6:30 P.M. on Tuesdays, so I will arrive about 40 minutes late each week. Is that all right? If it is a problem, I could take the Saturday class instead.

Also, I do not have an apron. Can I buy one at the centre?

Thank you,

Paulo Mendes
6

What is true about all of the classes?

"Classes begin the week of 6 April and run for six weeks."

(B) 朝は Saturday のみ。(C) 表を見れば $40〜$50 とばらばら。(D) 会員は安くなるだけで、非会員も参加できる。

解法:「all(すべて)について正しいもの」は、1つでも例外があれば不正解。表がある問題では表を1列ずつ確認する。

7

How much will Mr. Mendes most likely pay?

クロスリファレンス(表 × メール)

  • 表:Thai Cooking は $45
  • お知らせ:会員は $10 引き
  • メール:"I have been a member of the centre since last year" → 会員

45 − 10 = $35

解法:金額を問う設問はほぼ必ず2文書またぎの計算。表の数字を丸で囲み、もう一方の文書で「割引・追加料金」を探す。

8

What problem does Mr. Mendes mention?

"I work until 6:30 P.M. on Tuesdays, so I will arrive about 40 minutes late each week." 火曜のクラスは 6:00 開始なので遅刻になる。

解法I have one problem. のような予告文があれば、その直後が答え。

9

Which class does Mr. Mendes say he could take instead?

メール:"I could take the Saturday class instead." → 表で Saturday を探すと Vegetarian Meals

解法:メールが曜日で言い、表が科目名で言う。片方にしかない情報でもう片方を引くのがダブルパッセージの基本動作。

10

What does Mr. Mendes ask about?

"Also, I do not have an apron. Can I buy one at the centre?"

語彙:run for 〜の期間続く/apron エプロン/provide 提供する/instead 代わりに/front desk 受付

Questions 11–15Triple passage · Schedule + E-mail + Memo

Northside Logistics — Staff Training Day

Friday, 9 June · Room 2, Main Office

TimeSessionLeader
9:00–10:00Safety RulesEmi Sato
10:15–11:15New Delivery AppRaj Anand
11:30–12:30Customer ServiceEmi Sato
12:30–1:30Lunch (provided)
1:30–3:00Warehouse PracticeTom Baker

All drivers and warehouse staff must attend. Please arrive by 8:45 A.M.

To
All staff <staff@northsidelogistics.com>
From
Raj Anand <r.anand@northsidelogistics.com>
Date
2 June
Subject
Training day — please read

Hello everyone,

Please remember the training day on 9 June. Bring your company phone. We will install the new delivery app during my session, and you will need your phone to do this.

If your phone is broken or you have lost it, tell me before 6 June so that I can prepare a spare one.

Lunch will be sandwiches. If you cannot eat certain foods, please write to me by 6 June.

Raj Anand

Memo · 5 June · From Emi Sato

Because of a delivery to a new customer, the training day will now start one hour later. Every session will move one hour later, and the day will end at 4:00 P.M. Lunch will be at 1:30 P.M.

The room has not changed. Please arrive by 9:45 A.M.

11

Who will lead two sessions?

表の Leader 列に Emi Sato が2回(Safety Rules と Customer Service)出てくる。

解法:表が出たら「同じ名前・同じ数字が2回出ていないか」を先に確認する。ほぼ必ず設問になる。

12

What must staff bring to the training day?

メール:"Bring your company phone." アプリを入れるため。

(B) は罠。昼食は Lunch (provided)会社が用意する

13

What should staff do by 6 June?

"If you cannot eat certain foods, please write to me by 6 June."

(C) は不可。"All drivers and warehouse staff must attend." なので選択の余地はない。

解法:期日(by 6 June)が設問に出たら、本文でその日付を検索するのが最短。

14

What time will the New Delivery App session now begin?

3文書をまたぐ設問

  • 表:New Delivery App は 10:15 開始
  • メモ:"Every session will move one hour later"

10:15 + 1時間 = 11:15 A.M.

解法:「変更のお知らせ」が出たら、元の予定表に戻って計算する。表を書き換えるつもりで読むとミスが減る。

15

According to the memo, what has NOT changed?

メモ:"The room has not changed." 他はすべて1時間ずれている(開始・昼食・終了)。

語彙:spare 予備の/certain ある種の/move (予定を)ずらす/attend 出席する

Questions 1–2Advertisement

Grand Reopening

Riverside Fitness Center

After three months of renovations, Riverside Fitness Center will reopen its doors on Monday, 6 April. Our expanded facility now features a second weight room, two additional group exercise studios, and a 25-metre indoor swimming pool.

To celebrate, we are offering a special membership rate of $39 per month—a 30 percent discount off our standard price—to anyone who signs up during the month of April. This rate is guaranteed for a full year. Members who joined before the renovation will automatically receive the same rate at their next renewal.

Visit www.riversidefitness.com or stop by our front desk at 400 Colby Avenue for a free tour. Tours are available daily from 9:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M.

1

What is indicated about Riverside Fitness Center?

根拠は第1段落 "Our expanded facility now features a second weight room, two additional group exercise studios…"。「2つ目のウエイトルーム」「さらに2つのスタジオ」=施設が拡張された

  • (A) 移転の記述なし。Colby Avenue は元からの所在地。
  • (C) プールはあるが「子ども向けレッスン」は無し。
  • (D) 9:00–19:00 と明記。24時間ではない。

解法:正解は本文の expandedincreased the size に言い換えたもの。Part 7 の正解は原則パラフレーズ、そのままの語が使われている選択肢はむしろ疑う。

2

What will happen to current members?

"Members who joined before the renovation will automatically receive the same rate at their next renewal." 改装前からの会員=現会員は、次回更新時に同じ料金(月 $39 の割引価格)が自動適用される。

(B) が引っかけ。「4月に更新を求められる」とは書いていない。あくまで at their next renewal(次の更新時に)。

語彙:renovation 改装/facility 施設/sign up 申し込む/renewal 更新/guarantee 保証する

Questions 3–5E-mail
To
Marcus Deland <m.deland@bellworthsupply.com>
From
Priya Nandakumar <p.nandakumar@lintonhotels.co.uk>
Date
12 September
Subject
Order 4471

Dear Mr. Deland,

I am writing regarding the shipment of table linens we received yesterday (order 4471). Although the invoice lists 200 white tablecloths, only 160 were included in the delivery. The remaining items do not appear on the packing slip either.

We are hosting a conference for 300 guests on 24 September, and the missing linens are essential to our preparations. — [1] —. I would therefore appreciate it if the outstanding items could be dispatched no later than 18 September.

— [2] —. I should also mention that six of the tablecloths we did receive have small tears along the hem. I have set these aside and can return them at your convenience. — [3] —.

Please let me know how you would like to proceed. — [4] —. I can be reached at this address or at 020 7946 0821.

Best regards,

Priya Nandakumar
Purchasing Manager, Linton Hotels
3

Why did Ms. Nandakumar write the e-mail?

冒頭 "Although the invoice lists 200 white tablecloths, only 160 were included in the delivery." 請求書は200枚なのに納品は160枚 → 納品トラブルの報告

解法:目的を問う設問の答えは原則第1段落にある。I am writing regarding / to … は目的表現の合図なので、そこだけ読めば即決できる。

4

What does Ms. Nandakumar indicate about the tablecloths she received?

"six of the tablecloths we did receive have small tears along the hem"(届いた6枚は裾に小さな破れ)→ damaged への言い換え。

このメールには数量不足(40枚)破損(6枚)の2つの問題がある。設問は the tablecloths she received(受け取った分)なので、答えるのは破損の方。

5

In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], and [4] does the following sentence best belong?

"Naturally, I would expect a credit for these."

挿入文の these が何を指すかを探す。直前は "I have set these aside and can return them at your convenience."(破れていた6枚)。返品するのだから「当然、これらは返金してもらえますよね」と続く [3] が自然。

解法:文挿入問題の最大の手がかりは代名詞(these / it / they / this)と接続表現(However, Also, Therefore)。挿入文に代名詞があれば、その指示対象が直前に置かれている位置が答え。

語彙:invoice 請求書/packing slip 納品書/outstanding 未納の/dispatch 発送する/at your convenience ご都合のよいときに/credit 返金・掛け金

Questions 6–7Text-message chain
Deb Ferraro · 9:42 A.M.I'm at the Sandhill warehouse but the loading bay is blocked by a delivery truck. Any idea how long it will be there?
Tomas Iwu · 9:44 A.M.That's probably the produce delivery. They usually finish around 10.
Deb Ferraro · 9:45 A.M.I have to be at the Kingston site by 10:30 and it's a 40-minute drive.
Tomas Iwu · 9:47 A.M.There's a second entrance on the north side. It's narrow, but your van should fit.
Deb Ferraro · 9:48 A.M.Worth a shot. Do I need a code for that gate?
Tomas Iwu · 9:49 A.M.4-9-2-2. Same as the main one. Ask for Yolanda inside — she'll have your pallets ready.
Deb Ferraro · 9:50 A.M.Great, heading over now.
6

What problem does Ms. Ferraro mention?

9:42 "the loading bay is blocked by a delivery truck"(搬入口が配送トラックにふさがれている)→ 荷積み場所にたどり着けない。

(B) は 9:48 でゲートのコードを尋ねているだけで、「忘れた」わけではない。

7

At 9:48 A.M., what does Ms. Ferraro most likely mean when she writes, "Worth a shot"?

Worth a shot. =「試してみる価値はある/やってみよう」。直前で Tomas が「北側に2つ目の入口がある。狭いがバンなら入るはず」と提案しており、それに応じている。直後にゲートの暗証番号を聞いている点も裏づけになる。

解法:意図問題は必ず直前の相手の発言を読む。慣用表現の意味を知らなくても「提案 → 返答 → 実行」の流れで判断できる。

チャット頻出表現:Worth a shot. やってみる価値あり/Will do. やっておきます/I'm on it. 今やります/No worries. 大丈夫です/Sounds good. いいですね/Same here. こちらも同じです

Questions 8–11Article

Old Mill to Become Apartments

CARLTON — Nearly a decade after it closed, the Fairmount Textile Mill is set to begin a new chapter. The Carlton Development Authority announced on Tuesday that the 1890s brick complex on Water Street will be converted into a mixed-use development containing 84 apartments, ground-floor retail space, and a public riverfront walkway.

— [1] —. The $47 million project is being led by Hargrove Partners, a firm that has completed similar conversions in three other cities in the region.

"These buildings were built to last," said principal architect Naomi Cheung. "Our job is mostly to get out of the way — restore the windows, open up the floor plates, and let the structure do what it has always done."

Not everyone shares that enthusiasm. — [2] —. At a public hearing last month, several Water Street residents raised concerns about parking, noting that the plans call for only 60 spaces. Hargrove Partners has since agreed to lease an additional 40 spaces from a nearby lot.

Construction is scheduled to begin in March and to be completed in stages, with the first residential units available in autumn of next year. — [3] —. The retail spaces will be leased last. — [4] —.

8

What is the article mainly about?

記事全体が、閉鎖された1890年代の紡績工場(historic building)を集合住宅・店舗・遊歩道へ converted する計画の話。

  • (A) 工場の閉鎖は背景情報にすぎない。
  • (C) 住民の懸念は第3段落だけ。しかも駐車場は既に解決済み。

解法:主題問題では「本文に確かに出てきた細部」を選ばせる引っかけが必ず並ぶ。どの段落もその話をしているかで判定する。

9

What is suggested about Hargrove Partners?

"a firm that has completed similar conversions in three other cities" → 同種プロジェクトの実績がある

  • (B) 手がけているのは新築ではなく conversion(用途転換・改修)
  • (D) Cheung 氏は principal architect(主任建築家)であって創業者とは書かれていない。
10

What concern did residents express?

"several Water Street residents raised concerns about parking, noting that the plans call for only 60 spaces."

語彙:call for 〜を必要とする/in stages 段階的に/lease 賃貸する・賃借する/complex 複合施設/convert A into B AをBに転換する

11

In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], and [4] does the following sentence best belong?

"The walkway is expected to open at the same time."

挿入文の at the same time が指す時点を探す。直前は "the first residential units available in autumn of next year"。さらに直後が "The retail spaces will be leased last." となり、住宅 → 遊歩道(同時期)→ 店舗(最後)という時系列が完成する。

解法:時を表す語(at the same time / then / by then / meanwhile)も代名詞と同じ手がかり。直前だけでなく直後との整合まで確認すると精度が上がる。

Questions 12–16Double passage · Job posting + E-mail

Northgate Public Library · Position Announcement

Community Programs Coordinator

Full-time

Northgate Public Library seeks a Community Programs Coordinator to design and deliver events for adult and teen patrons, including author talks, workshops, and our annual Northgate Reads festival.

Responsibilities

  • Plan and schedule a calendar of 60+ public programs per year
  • Manage a program budget of approximately $75,000
  • Recruit and supervise a team of 25 volunteers
  • Represent the library at community partner meetings

Requirements

  • Bachelor's degree
  • At least three years of experience in event planning or public programming
  • Experience supervising staff or volunteers
  • Availability to work two evenings per week and occasional Saturdays

Salary: $52,000–$58,000, depending on experience. Applications must be submitted through our online portal by 30 October. Candidates selected for interviews will be contacted by 8 November. Interviews will take place during the week of 17 November.

To
Alan Osei <a.osei@northgatelibrary.org>
From
Renata Vogel <r.vogel@mailcurrent.com>
Date
4 November
Subject
Community Programs Coordinator

Dear Mr. Osei,

Thank you for contacting me last Friday about the Community Programs Coordinator position. I am delighted to accept your invitation to interview.

You mentioned that interviews would be held during the week of 17 November. Unfortunately, I will be attending a regional librarians' conference in Ashford from 17 to 19 November. Would it be possible to schedule my interview on 20 or 21 November instead? I am available at any time on either day.

You also asked me to elaborate on the volunteer program I mentioned in my application. In my current role at the Selby Arts Centre, I rebuilt a volunteer corps that had shrunk to eight people; it now numbers just over forty. I would be glad to bring the same approach to Northgate, and I will bring documentation of the program to the interview.

Sincerely,

Renata Vogel
12

What is NOT listed as a responsibility of the position?

Responsibilities の4項目と選択肢を1対1で照合する。

  • (A) = Recruit and supervise a team of 25 volunteers ✓
  • (B) = Manage a program budget of approximately $75,000 ✓
  • (C) = Represent the library at community partner meetings ✓
  • (D) 助成金申請の記述はどこにもない → 正解

解法:NOT問題は消去法しかない。時間はかかるが、箇条書きと選択肢の照合なので確実に取れる問題。逆に言えばここを落とすと痛い。

13

According to the job posting, what is a requirement for applicants?

Requirements の "At least three years of experience in event planning or public programming"

(A) は Bachelor's degree(学士)であって master's(修士)ではない。学位の種類をすり替えるのは頻出の引っかけ。

14

Why did Ms. Vogel write the e-mail?

"I am delighted to accept your invitation to interview." 面接の招待を受諾している。

(A) は不可。応募はすでに済んでいる(the volunteer program I mentioned in my application=応募書類で触れた、と過去のこととして書かれている)。

15

What does Ms. Vogel ask Mr. Osei to do?

17〜19日は学会のため、"Would it be possible to schedule my interview on 20 or 21 November instead?"別日程を依頼している。

解法:依頼を問う設問は依頼表現の直後に答えがある。Would it be possible to … ? / Could you … ? / I would appreciate it if … / Please let me know … に反応できるようにしておく。

16

What is suggested about Ms. Vogel's volunteer program at the Selby Arts Centre?

クロスリファレンス問題。2つの文書の数字をつなぐ。

  • 求人票:Northgate では 25名のボランティアを統括する。
  • メール:Selby Arts Centre では8名から just over forty(40名強)まで再建した。

40 > 25 なので、現職の組織の方が Northgate で統括する人数より大きい

解法:ダブル/トリプルパッセージでは、2つの文書に共通して出てくる数字・日付・固有名詞が必ず1問になる。1つ目の文書を読む段階で数字(25 volunteers / $75,000 / 17 November)に印をつけておくと、2つ目を読みながら即座に照合できる。

語彙:patron 利用者/recruit 採用する/supervise 監督する/availability 対応可能なこと/elaborate on 〜を詳しく述べる/corps 団・組織/predecessor 前任者

Questions 17–21Triple passage · Web page + E-mail + Notice
www.braytoninstitute.org/workshops

Brayton Institute — Autumn Workshop Series

All workshops are held at our Hillcrest campus and run from 1:00 P.M. to 4:00 P.M.

DateWorkshopFacilitatorFee
3 OctoberData Visualisation BasicsInes Cardoso$120
10 OctoberNegotiating with SuppliersWerner Holt$145
17 OctoberWriting for ExecutivesAisha Bello$120
24 OctoberProject BudgetingWerner Holt$160

Register online at least seven days before the workshop date. Groups of four or more from the same organisation receive a 20 percent discount. Participants who register for three or more workshops in a single season pay a flat rate of $350.

Cancellations made more than 48 hours in advance receive a full refund; later cancellations are credited toward a future workshop.

To
Dana Petrov <registration@braytoninstitute.org>
From
Gregor Vance <g.vance@meridianfoods.com>
Date
26 September
Subject
Autumn registration — Meridian Foods

Dear Ms. Petrov,

I would like to register five members of our purchasing team for the 10 October workshop. All five will also attend the 24 October session.

Two questions. First, can the discount for groups be combined with any other reduction? Second, our team returns from a supplier visit on the morning of 10 October, and their flight is not scheduled to land until 12:30 P.M. Would it be possible for them to join the afternoon session slightly late? I realise this is not ideal.

I will submit payment as soon as the total is confirmed.

Best regards,

Gregor Vance
Purchasing Director, Meridian Foods

Notice to registered participants · 30 September

Please note the following change to the Autumn Workshop Series.

Because of a facilities conflict at the Hillcrest campus, the workshop scheduled for 10 October will now begin at 2:00 P.M. and end at 5:00 P.M. The venue is unchanged. All other workshops in the series will run at their published times.

In addition, Writing for Executives will now be facilitated by Marcus Lin. Ms. Bello has been asked to lead a workshop at our Eastgate campus on the same afternoon.

Participants who cannot attend the revised session may transfer their registration to another workshop at no cost. Please contact registration@braytoninstitute.org by 6 October.

17

According to the Web page, what must participants do?

"Register online at least seven days before the workshop date." seven days = one week の言い換え。

解法:数字の言い換えは頻出。seven days ↔ one week、two weeks ↔ a fortnight、30 days ↔ a month、twice a year ↔ biannually。数字が出たら「別の言い方はないか」を意識する。

18

What is suggested about the registration Mr. Vance describes?

クロスリファレンス問題(Web ページ × メール)

  • Web ページ:"Groups of four or more from the same organisation receive a 20 percent discount."
  • メール:"register five members of our purchasing team" → 同一組織から5名 ≥ 4名

(B) は罠。定額 $350 の条件は「1シーズンに3講座以上」だが、Vance 氏のチームは 10月10日と10月24日の2講座のみ。

(C) も罠。メールは9月26日、対象は10月10日 → 14日前なので「7日前まで」の条件を満たしている。

19

Why does Mr. Vance mention a flight?

着陸が 12:30 P.M.、講座の開始は 1:00 P.M.(Web ページ)。だから "Would it be possible for them to join the afternoon session slightly late?" と続く。フライトの話は遅刻の理由説明

解法:「なぜ〜に言及するか」型は、その文の直後の1文に答えがあることが多い。事実そのものではなく、それを持ち出した目的を選ぶ。

20

How does the notice benefit Mr. Vance's team?

3文書をまたぐ設問。3つの情報を重ねる。

  • メール:チームの到着は 12:30 P.M.、遅刻を心配している
  • お知らせ:10月10日の講座は 2:00 P.M. 開始に変更

結果として、遅刻せずに参加できるようになった。(B) は "The venue is unchanged." と明確に否定されている。

解法:トリプルパッセージでは「1つ目の文書の予定」→「2つ目で問題提起」→「3つ目で変更」という流れが定番。変更を告げる文書(notice / revised schedule / update)が出てきたら、必ず元の予定と突き合わせる

21

What is indicated about Ms. Bello?

お知らせ:"Ms. Bello has been asked to lead a workshop at our Eastgate campus on the same afternoon." Web ページでは全講座が Hillcrest campus 開催なので、別のキャンパスに移ることがわかる。

(A) は言い過ぎ。担当が交代しただけで退職の記述はない。(B) は逆で、17日の担当は Marcus Lin に交代している。

語彙:facilitator 進行役/venue 会場/in advance 前もって/instalment 分割払いの1回分/transfer 移す・振り替える/at no cost 無料で/conflict (予定の)重複

Questions 1–4Article

Why Warehouses Are Getting Taller

For most of the past century the distribution warehouse was a low, sprawling structure, and for good reason: floor space was cheap and forklifts do not climb. — [1] —. That calculation is now being revised. In Rotterdam, Singapore and increasingly in the industrial corridors outside major North American cities, developers are erecting distribution centres of three, four and even six storeys.

The immediate driver is land. — [2] —. Warehousing has followed consumers into the urban fringe, where a hectare now costs several times what it did a decade ago. Building upward has ceased to be an extravagance and become the only way to make the arithmetic work.

Automation has made it feasible. Vertical lifts and robotic shuttles move goods between floors without the spiral ramps that once consumed a quarter of a multi-storey building's footprint. — [3] —. What remains contested is whether the savings justify a construction cost that runs roughly 40 percent above that of a conventional shed.

Sceptics observe that the tallest facilities have so far appeared only in markets where land is unusually constrained. — [4] —. Their argument is not that the model fails, but that it travels poorly. For the moment the evidence favours neither camp decisively.

1

What is the main purpose of the article?

全体は「平屋が当然だった → 土地代と自動化で多層化が進む → ただし賛否あり」という変化の説明

(A) は不可。筆者は最終文で "the evidence favours neither camp decisively"中立を保っている。批判しているのは記事ではなく sceptics。

解法:860レベルの主題問題は「筆者の立場」を混ぜてくる。本文が主張しているのか、誰かの主張を紹介しているのかを区別する。最終段落の中立表現が決め手になることが多い。

2

According to the article, what has made multi-storey warehouses practical?

"Automation has made it feasible. Vertical lifts and robotic shuttles move goods between floors…" feasible = practical。

(A) は逆。建設費は従来型より 約40%高いと書かれている。土地代(land)は多層化の動機であって、可能にした要因ではない点にも注意。

解法driver(動機)と enabler(可能にしたもの)を区別させる設問は上級者向けの定番。段落ごとに「これは理由か、手段か」とラベルを貼りながら読む。

3

The word "contested" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

"What remains contested is whether the savings justify a construction cost…" 直後に「賛否が割れている」内容(sceptics の反論、最終文の「どちらにも決定的に有利ではない」)が続くので、争われている=disputed

解法:語彙問題は辞書的な意味ではなく文脈での意味を問う。単語を空欄だと思って、前後の論理から入る語を考えてから選択肢を見る。

4

In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], and [4] does the following sentence best belong?

"Retailers, meanwhile, have promised delivery windows that only nearby inventory can satisfy."

meanwhile(一方で)は、直前に述べた要因にもう1つの要因を並べる合図。直前は "The immediate driver is land."、直後は "Warehousing has followed consumers into the urban fringe"

「土地」+「小売業者が近さを要する配送時間を約束した」→ だから倉庫は消費者を追って都市近郊へ、と論理がつながる [2] が正解。

語彙:sprawling 横に広がった/storey 階/fringe 周縁部/extravagance 贅沢/feasible 実行可能な/footprint 建物の設置面積/constrained 制約された/decisively 決定的に

Questions 5–7Letter
Meridian Analytics
88 Kingsway, Suite 1400

14 August

Dr. Priyanka Raman
Director of Operations
Calloway Medical Group

Dear Dr. Raman,

Thank you for sending the scheduling data from your three clinics. I have now completed the preliminary review we discussed.

The pattern you suspected is present, though its cause is not the one you proposed. Appointment overruns cluster in the late afternoon, but they are not concentrated among the newer clinicians. Rather, they track the proportion of first-time patients on a given day — a variable your current rota does not account for. Two of your clinics distribute new patients evenly across the week; the third does not, and its overruns are roughly double.

I would therefore suggest we defer the staffing changes contemplated in your original brief. Redistributing new-patient appointments is a smaller intervention and, on this evidence, likely to be the more effective one. I have attached a one-page summary you may wish to circulate before we meet.

I am available the week of 1 September and would be glad to walk your clinic managers through the findings.

Yours sincerely,

Elena Duarte
Principal Consultant
5

What did Ms. Duarte conclude from the data?

"The pattern you suspected is present, though its cause is not the one you proposed."現象は確かにあるが、原因は想定と違う

(D) は正反対。"they are not concentrated among the newer clinicians" と否定されている。

解法though / however / rather の直後に本題が来る。譲歩節(前半)だけ読んで選ぶと必ず外す設問。

6

What does Ms. Duarte recommend?

"I would therefore suggest we defer the staffing changes contemplated in your original brief." defer = postpone(先送りする)。

解法:提案表現は I would suggest / I recommend / It may be advisable to / you may wish to。婉曲になるほど難度が上がるので、形で覚えておく。

7

What is suggested about the third clinic?

"Two of your clinics distribute new patients evenly across the week; the third does not, and its overruns are roughly double." does not は distribute new patients evenly を受ける。つまり新患の配分が偏っている。

解法代動詞(does not / did so / will too)が何を受けているかを戻って確認する。860レベルはここを省略した文で差をつけてくる。

語彙:preliminary 予備的な/overrun 予定超過/cluster 集中する/rota 勤務表/account for 考慮に入れる/defer 先送りする/contemplate 検討する/intervention 介入・施策

Questions 8–12Double passage · Policy + E-mail

Brantford Group · Internal Policy

Travel and Expense Policy (revised)

Effective 1 October

Section 3 — Advance approval

Domestic travel under £600 requires approval from a line manager only. Travel above that amount, and all international travel regardless of cost, requires written approval from a divisional director before booking. Approval obtained after booking will not be honoured.

Section 4 — Accommodation

Employees may book any property within the nightly caps listed in Appendix A. Where no cap is published for a city, the London cap applies. Employees who stay with friends or family in lieu of a hotel may claim a flat £25 per night without receipts.

Section 6 — Reimbursement

Claims must be submitted within 30 days of the final day of travel. Claims submitted between 31 and 60 days require a written explanation. Claims older than 60 days will be refused except in cases of extended medical leave.

To
Nadia Okonjo <n.okonjo@brantfordgroup.co.uk>
From
Callum Ferris <c.ferris@brantfordgroup.co.uk>
Date
12 November
Subject
Claim — Lisbon, September

Dear Nadia,

I am submitting my claim for the Lisbon supplier visit, which ended on 26 September. I realise this is later than the policy prefers, and I have set out the reason below.

I was on medical leave from 30 September until last Monday. I did not have access to the expense system during that period, and I did not wish to ask a colleague to file on my behalf.

Two items may need your attention. I stayed with a former colleague for three of the four nights rather than book a hotel, and there is, of course, no receipt for those. The fourth night I booked a hotel; Lisbon does not appear in Appendix A, so I applied the figure listed there for London.

The trip itself was approved in writing by Marcus Webb before I booked.

Best,

Callum Ferris
8

According to the policy, what is required for all international travel?

"all international travel regardless of cost, requires written approval from a divisional director" = 金額に関係なく部門長の書面承認が必要。

解法:規程文では regardless of / except / unless / provided that が条件のかなめ。これらを含む一文は必ず設問になる。

9

Why does Mr. Ferris mention his medical leave?

直前で "I realise this is later than the policy prefers, and I have set out the reason below." と予告し、その理由として病気休暇を挙げている。提出遅延の説明

解法:「なぜ〜に言及するか」型は、その段落の前後に置かれた予告文・帰結文を見る。事実の内容ではなく役割を答える。

10

How much may Mr. Ferris claim for the nights he did not stay in a hotel?

クロスリファレンス+計算

  • 規程:知人宅に泊まった場合は領収書なしで1泊 £25
  • メール:4泊のうち3泊を元同僚の家に滞在

3 × £25 = £75

(D) は罠。規程は「領収書なしで請求できる」と明記している。(C) は4泊分=£100 で、ホテル泊の1泊を二重に数えている。

11

What is suggested about Marcus Webb?

2文書からの推論。リスボン出張は国際出張 → 規程では 部門長(divisional director)の書面承認が必須。メールでは "approved in writing by Marcus Webb"。したがって Webb 氏は部門長にあたる。

解法:人物の役職を問う設問で、本文に肩書きが書かれていないことがある。その場合は「その人がした行為 × 規程が定める権限」から逆算する。上級者向けの典型パターン。

12

What is indicated about Mr. Ferris's claim?

日数の計算が必要。出張最終日 9月26日 → 提出 11月12日。9月の残り4日 + 10月31日 + 11月12日 = 47日

規程では「31〜60日は書面での説明が必要」。まさにその範囲にあたり、彼は病気休暇の説明を添えている。

  • (A) は 47日なので誤り。60日超の例外(病気休暇)に飛びつくと引っかかる。
  • (D) も罠。ロンドンの上限額を適用したのはホテルに泊まった1泊のみ

語彙:in lieu of 〜の代わりに/cap 上限額/honour (約束などを)認める・履行する/reimbursement 経費精算/regardless of 〜に関係なく/on one's behalf 〜に代わって

Questions 13–17Triple passage · Report + E-mail + Minutes

Ashcombe Research · Regional Grocery Retail — Half-Year Review (extract)

Same-store sales across the sector rose 2.1 percent, but the aggregate conceals a widening split. Operators with fewer than twenty sites grew 4.4 percent, while the four largest chains were flat or negative. Our interviews suggest the smaller operators' advantage lies less in price than in assortment: they have been quicker to stock regional and speciality lines, which now account for 11 percent of their revenue against 4 percent at the majors.

The obvious response — for the majors to broaden their own assortment — is constrained by distribution. Central warehouses are optimised for volume, and a line selling forty units a week per store is expensive to carry. Two chains have begun trialling direct-to-store delivery from regional suppliers, bypassing the central network entirely.

To
Regional managers <regional@hallowayfoods.com>
From
Dermot Shea <d.shea@hallowayfoods.com>
Date
3 July
Subject
Assortment trial

Colleagues,

You will have seen the Ashcombe review. Its conclusions match what several of you have been telling me for a year, and we are going to act on them.

From 1 September, twelve stores — two per region — will take delivery directly from local suppliers for a defined list of speciality lines. Central distribution will continue to serve everything else. I want the twelve chosen for variety of catchment, not for ease: a trial that only works in our strongest stores tells us nothing.

Please nominate your two stores by 18 July, with a paragraph on why each was chosen. I will confirm the final list at the August management meeting.

Dermot Shea
Commercial Director, Halloway Foods

Halloway Foods · Management Meeting, 6 August (extract)

4. Assortment trial

Mr. Shea reported that twenty-two stores had been nominated. Ten were withdrawn: six because their catchments closely resembled another nominee's, and four because their suppliers could not commit to twice-weekly delivery. The twelve remaining stores were confirmed.

Ms. Ferreira asked whether the trial would be extended if results were positive. Mr. Shea said no decision would be taken before February, as the trial period covers the autumn only and the sector's autumn trading is atypical.

13

According to the report, why are smaller operators growing more quickly?

"the smaller operators' advantage lies less in price than in assortment" = 価格ではなく品揃えにある。

(A) はまさにこの構文で否定されている側。less A than B(AよりむしろB)を「Aである」と読むと誤答する。

解法:比較構文の否定(less A than B / not so much A as B / rather than)は上級者向け設問の常連。どちらが肯定されているかを指で押さえて確認する。

14

What obstacle does the report identify for the largest chains?

"is constrained by distribution. Central warehouses are optimised for volume, and a line selling forty units a week per store is expensive to carry." 中央倉庫が大量流通向けに最適化されていることが障害。

15

What does Mr. Shea ask the regional managers to avoid?

"I want the twelve chosen for variety of catchment, not for ease: a trial that only works in our strongest stores tells us nothing." = やりやすい店(=うまくいきそうな強い店)ばかり選ぶな。

解法:コロン(:)の後ろは前文の言い換え・具体化。前半が抽象的でも、コロンの後を読めば意味が確定する。

16

Why were four of the nominated stores withdrawn?

"six because their catchments closely resembled another nominee's, and four because their suppliers could not commit to twice-weekly delivery."

(A) は6店の理由。数字と理由の対応をずらす引っかけで、急いで読むと必ず取り違える。

解法:1文に複数の数字と理由が並んでいたら、設問はほぼ確実にどちらの数字かを問う。数字に印をつけて読む。

17

What does Mr. Shea's reply to Ms. Ferreira suggest about the trial?

3文書またぎの推論

  • メール:試行は 9月1日開始
  • 議事録:"the trial period covers the autumn only and the sector's autumn trading is atypical"

秋の商況は通常とは異なるため、試行結果がそのまま平常時を表すとは限らない。だから2月まで判断しない。

(C) は逆。2月は「判断する時期」であって拡大が決まっているわけではない。

語彙:aggregate 総計/conceal 覆い隠す/assortment 品揃え/constrain 制約する/bypass 迂回する/catchment 商圏/nominate 推薦する/atypical 典型的でない

この組み合わせに該当する問題はありません。目標スコアか出題範囲の選択を変えてください。